Ants and aphids have a mutualistic relationship in which both species benefit. Aphids are small, sap-sucking insects that feed on the sap of plants. They produce a sugary substance called honeydew, which is a valuable food source for ants.
In exchange for honeydew, ants protect aphids from predators and parasites, such as ladybugs and parasitic wasps. Ants also help to move aphids to new feeding sites, and even take care of their eggs during the winter.
This relationship between ants and aphids is an example of mutualism, a type of symbiosis in which both species benefit. However, it can also have negative impacts on plants, as large numbers of aphids can damage plant growth and reduce crop yields.